The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.